As the best choice for mobile office, notebook PC and the same has been evolutionary. If the MacBook Air notebook can tell us more light, then a recent Stanford University study, so that the notebook is more endurance, more than 40 hours of use time very scary.
Enhance the range notebook batteries due to the use of new technology, the picture above in the comparison of traditional battery technology and the difference between the latest technology, in which traditional batteries used in Harima particles and the design of the completion of a cycle after the replay several times on the surface Will have wear and tear, thus causing the shrinkage of the range. The latest technology uses a tiny metal wire, similar to the one match of the wire rod can not only increase and the electrolysis-contact area, but also to maintain its original shape.
Stanford University senior research fellow claimed that the silicon battery anode is possible in a few years, data show that the theory of its range can be achieved at present more than 10 times the battery.Inspiron 8000 , Inspiron 8100 , Inspiron 8200 , Inspiron 8500 , Inspiron 8600 , Inspiron 8600M , Inspiron 9200 , Inspiron 9300 , Inspiron 9400
2008年10月26日 星期日
About laptop batteries
With the decline in the prices of notebook computers, must have a lot of friends already have a notebook. The notebook for mobile tools, the overall level of performance and battery strengths and weaknesses are inseparable, is a notebook computer batteries because of the realization of the mobile office is one of the main support. It’s no less importance of the CPU, motherboard, hard drive, and other components. Following is a brief you on for the laptop’s battery every aspect of hope that we can better use the notebook computer help.
First, laptop batteries profile
The laptop battery is its flexibility and stability of the fundamental, mainstream notebook computer standard rechargeable battery system. Rechargeable battery system, including rechargeable batteries and power management systems. The battery is also reflected in notebook computers and portable exercise.
Notebook computer batteries used in three main categories: 1. Nickel-chromium batteries, 2. Ni-MH battery, 3. Lithium batteries; they generally expressed as: Ni-Cd Ni-Cd, Ni-MH Ni-MH, Li-power Li.
The first notebook computers are used Ni-Cd nickel-cadmium batteries, as battery technology was not advanced nickel-cadmium battery has many shortcomings of a headache, such as: bulky, heavy weight, small volume, short life span, memory Effects. Therefore, the current nickel-cadmium batteries have been largely eliminated, it is no longer the following details. Inspiron 1100 , Inspiron 1150 , Inspiron 1300 , Inspiron 1420 , Inspiron 1520 , Inspiron 1521 , Inspiron 1525 , Inspiron 1526
The next notebook computer began to use nickel-metal hydride (NlMH) batteries, the batteries have a better and more cost-effective power, at the same time, “Ni-MH battery is one of the most environmentally-friendly batteries, pay attention to environmental protection, a strong proponent of the use of country Ni-MH battery, for easy recycling, and environmental damage are minimal. However, lithium and nickel-metal hydride battery power, there are some shortcomings. Charging for a long time and a heavier weight, capacity than the power of small lithium batteries continue to discharge time Too short, there are memory effect, it’s not as though the memory nickel-cadmium batteries so much, but still need to discharge, the user must be exhausted before charging.
Ni-MH battery will soon be lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery replacement. Lithium power will have a long time ago, it began to use less security, often in charge when burning, burst, perhaps because lithium is too active elements because. Later, there will be a modified lithium-ion batteries by adding the element lithium can inhibit the active ingredients, so that the lithium power to achieve real security, efficiency, convenience, and Li-old has been out of power also. They are also very simple to distinguish from the battery on the logo will be able to identify, for the power lithium Li, lithium-ion battery for Li-ion. Now, the notebook used by the so-called lithium electricity, is in fact the lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion battery energy storage density, can be recharged at any time and discharge continued for a long time and generally in about 3 hours. The size of the battery capacity from the marked mAh (milliampere hours) judgments to value, such as 3000mAh, 4000mAh, and so on, the greater the value, the greater the capacity of the battery.
Lithium-ion battery, of course, there are defects, such as higher prices and fewer charge-discharge and so on. Li-ion battery charging and discharging of 400-600, only the number of times, specially to improve the product but also a number of 800. According to charging a daily basis, the best lithium batteries but also for more than two years. The nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries to 700 the number of times over, some of the good quality products, charge and discharge up to 1,200 times, such a comparison, Ni-MH battery life than lithium batteries and nickel-metal hydride battery than the price of lithium batteries Much lower. In view of this, there is no perfect laptop batteries.
Common brands of laptop batteries for the vast majority of the square. The market also has a small number of ultra-thin notebooks to use cylindrical batteries, such as SONY 505 series, Toshiba PROTEGE series. Batteries based on the weight of materials and model changes, such as the shape of the same capacity with the nickel-metal hydride and lithium electricity, but the difference between a lot of weight.
From the size of the capacity of the main battery to determine mAh marked by its Chinese name is milliamperes. Milliampere-hour direct bearing on the size of the notebook’s use of time, but it can not be generalized. Battery life of notebook configurations and also has a great deal, say, for example, the HP 6100 notebook using a PIII-M, MOBILITY RADEON graphics cards and so on a number of energy-saving technology hardware, 4000mAh battery with the use of the time up to 4 hours Over. CPU desktop using the Toshiba 1800, although with a 4500mAh battery, the use of the time can only reach 3 hours. To meet the general needs to go out to work. This also indicates that the notebook’s battery life is not only about mAh, the hardware of energy-saving technology is very important.
Second, new technologies, energy-saving notebook batteries
Through battery-powered mobile office is different from the notebook computer desktop is an important feature of the limited battery capacity and can not be met, of course, unlimited use of time, increasing notebook computer’s hardware configuration of the battery consumption is also a growing The greater, and the laptop’s battery from lithium batteries are still widely used, after there have been no major breakthrough, it is necessary to meet the increasing power consumption and at the same time to ensure that the use of a certain time, then some of the new energy-saving technology is extremely important to .
The notebook computer to save the power of new technologies can be both hardware and software, software, often with the use of dedicated hardware, we have the following to tell us about the laptop’s power-saving technology.
(A) of the three types of notebook CPU power-saving technology
1. Intel SpeedStep technology
Speed Step is the use of an Intel CPU technology, the Pentium-3 600Mhz Mobile after the mobile version of the Pentium processor, Intel added a run by reducing the CPU frequency to achieve lower power consumption of technology?? SpeedStep. (Mobile Pentium M processor, Intel redesigned the technology, called “enhanced SpeedStep”) processor so that it can work in two modes to switch freely between these two modes that is, when the AC The highest performance mode (Maximum Performance Mode) and the battery when the battery optimized mode (Battery Optimized Mode). The so-called model is the highest performance when the notebook computer with the AC power connector, and can provide performance similar to the desktop; and battery optimization mode refers to when the laptop battery, the laptop’s performance will play its battery life of To achieve the best balance between. SpeedStep technology, such as the use of the 650MHz and 600MHz processors, when they are the highest performance mode, can provide 650MHz and 600MHz operating frequency, and battery-optimized mode, the processor’s operating frequency is 500MHz.
Mobile Pentium Ⅲ or Pentium4 chips are used dynamically adjust the frequency and voltage switches SpeedStep technology, which allows them to work at a higher frequency and optimization of energy between the battery switch. Notebook computer system BIOS of the CPU through the registration ID tag that has a CPU features SpeedStep, in determining whether the laptop is used after the AC power supply, BIOS and the CPU will give directions to ASIC, and run it in the appropriate mode , All of which will be completed within 500μm.
In fact, for the user, if not on the loading platform of the new chart, SpeedStep technology is almost invisible. But in the background, SpeedStep technology really take a run at a higher speed and longer battery life to strike a balance between the responsibility. In order to enable users to understand the current state of work, Intel’s platform set up in a flag-shaped icon to show the way to operate. In the absence of special circumstances, unless the use of battery-powered, SpeedStep power-saving system, the use of non-default mode. If you want custom settings, the user can control panel in Windows power management features to achieve this project.
Now, SpeedStep technology has been developed to a second-generation, known as Enhanced Intel SpeedStep technology. The new technology has increased the automatic mode, super-performance models, optimizing battery performance mode, and so on. Inspiron 1720 , Inspiron 1721 , Inspiron 4000 , Inspiron 4100 , Inspiron 4150 , Inspiron 500m , Inspiron 5100 , Inspiron 510m
2. AMD PowerNow! Technology
This power management technology based on the needs of different applications, upward or downward adjustment of the processor voltage and frequency, so that the processor is more in line with the needs of practical applications in order to extend notebook battery life and extended battery Life.
AMD PowerNow! Technology to provide work models have 3: automatic mode (the system to monitor the application and make adjustments as necessary), high-performance model (processor with the highest frequency and voltage to run) and power-saving mode (to processors The lowest frequency and voltage operation, extended battery life). However, the mode of operation will depend on how many different types of notebook computer manufacturers design.
3. LongRun technology
Transmeta’s LongRun technology is the development of the power management technology, which is characterized by low power consumption, available to the processor is just enough voltage. The principle is to use the procedure to monitor the CPU is idle, is idle if it will lower the voltage and frequency to meet different needs.
4. 3 of the above power-saving technology comparison
As can be seen from above, the 3 kinds of CPU power-saving technology works more or less the same, the CPU is idle to minimize power consumption, the difference is mainly concentrated in 3 kinds of technology, the number of mode, power consumption and the actual performance Impact.
Clearly, Intel’s SpeedStep technology provides 4 modes, is the highest among the three. However, the number is not working, the better. As a model by other modes to take a certain amount of time, and the conversion model will consume CPU resources, so the number of working should be good enough.
Power, 3 power-saving technologies that are in the normal state of CPU can be maintained at less than 2W power consumption low. One, Transmeta’s technology IongRun using the CPU power consumption as low as 0.1W, it is very prominent, but the performance of Intel and AMD have lost the same level of the CPU.
AMD PowerNow! And Intel SpeedStep power management technology in the same regardless of the former on the effectiveness of Athlon4CPU than SpeedStep technology PentiumIII-MCPU more. Athlon4 processors because of greater heat, so at the appropriate time to allow a break CPU can contribute to the heat.
B) a dedicated power management chips and a dedicated power management program
In order to maximize energy savings, leading technology manufacturers to develop a dedicated power management chips and a dedicated power management procedures,
1. IBM’s chip-specific power management and procedures
IBM Corporation in its Pentium Ⅲ CPU-level notebook computer equipped with IBMPowerManagementDevice (referred to as IBMPMDevice) dedicated power management chips (need to install special drivers to use). The combination of chips used in power management program is BatteryMixer, included in the IBMConfigurationUtility of it. The installation process will be in the system tray was placed horizontally on the right side of a battery, click on the battery will be a large number of options.
BatteryMixer in China, IBM has provided many of the themes of the original settings for different applications, users can define their own new theme to fit specific needs. BatteryMixer can even detect the capacity of the rechargeable battery, charging and discharging automatically determine the number and status of the battery if the battery state of the poor will be sent to remind users to IBM maintenance.
As a result of their special design power management chips, BatteryMixer procedures and even the power and PCI bus speed CD-ROM can be adjusted to reduce this power,.
2. Toshiba power management program
Toshiba’s power management program known as the PowerSaverUtility, this high-handed procedures in the installation will completely replace the Windows built-in power management, when the user tries to access to the standard Windows power management procedures should be warned that Toshiba will own PowerSaverUtility (from Windows “Control Panel” in the choice).
Toshiba’s custom to PowerSaverUtility powerful known, even the battery down to varying degrees when the options are different.
In addition, users can define themselves in power down to a certain percentage of the time since the issue of the definition of the voice of the emerging message or start a program, it’s very scientific.
3. SONY power management program
SONY procedures PowerPanel power management interface was fine and that the human need to SONY with the JogDial (to-point) devices and a special chip to use SONY NotebookSetupDevice hardware.
The use of PowerPanel, users can define their own different themes to suit their needs. The battery is full and exhausted when, PowerPanel be humane message (can be customized). PowerPanel in control, SONY laptop screen brightness when the switch is not like other brands? Level of a jump, but gradually brightness.
If the notebook computer installed in the second battery, PowerPanel allows users to set up the first piece of what used batteries, and can switch at any time. Inspiron 5150 , Inspiron 5160 , Inspiron 6000 , Inspiron 600m , Inspiron 630m , Inspiron 6400 , Inspiron 640m , Inspiron 700m , Inspiron 710m
In addition, PowerPanel internal battery can also read recorded information shows that the current rechargeable battery capacity and number of charge
First, laptop batteries profile
The laptop battery is its flexibility and stability of the fundamental, mainstream notebook computer standard rechargeable battery system. Rechargeable battery system, including rechargeable batteries and power management systems. The battery is also reflected in notebook computers and portable exercise.
Notebook computer batteries used in three main categories: 1. Nickel-chromium batteries, 2. Ni-MH battery, 3. Lithium batteries; they generally expressed as: Ni-Cd Ni-Cd, Ni-MH Ni-MH, Li-power Li.
The first notebook computers are used Ni-Cd nickel-cadmium batteries, as battery technology was not advanced nickel-cadmium battery has many shortcomings of a headache, such as: bulky, heavy weight, small volume, short life span, memory Effects. Therefore, the current nickel-cadmium batteries have been largely eliminated, it is no longer the following details. Inspiron 1100 , Inspiron 1150 , Inspiron 1300 , Inspiron 1420 , Inspiron 1520 , Inspiron 1521 , Inspiron 1525 , Inspiron 1526
The next notebook computer began to use nickel-metal hydride (NlMH) batteries, the batteries have a better and more cost-effective power, at the same time, “Ni-MH battery is one of the most environmentally-friendly batteries, pay attention to environmental protection, a strong proponent of the use of country Ni-MH battery, for easy recycling, and environmental damage are minimal. However, lithium and nickel-metal hydride battery power, there are some shortcomings. Charging for a long time and a heavier weight, capacity than the power of small lithium batteries continue to discharge time Too short, there are memory effect, it’s not as though the memory nickel-cadmium batteries so much, but still need to discharge, the user must be exhausted before charging.
Ni-MH battery will soon be lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery replacement. Lithium power will have a long time ago, it began to use less security, often in charge when burning, burst, perhaps because lithium is too active elements because. Later, there will be a modified lithium-ion batteries by adding the element lithium can inhibit the active ingredients, so that the lithium power to achieve real security, efficiency, convenience, and Li-old has been out of power also. They are also very simple to distinguish from the battery on the logo will be able to identify, for the power lithium Li, lithium-ion battery for Li-ion. Now, the notebook used by the so-called lithium electricity, is in fact the lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion battery energy storage density, can be recharged at any time and discharge continued for a long time and generally in about 3 hours. The size of the battery capacity from the marked mAh (milliampere hours) judgments to value, such as 3000mAh, 4000mAh, and so on, the greater the value, the greater the capacity of the battery.
Lithium-ion battery, of course, there are defects, such as higher prices and fewer charge-discharge and so on. Li-ion battery charging and discharging of 400-600, only the number of times, specially to improve the product but also a number of 800. According to charging a daily basis, the best lithium batteries but also for more than two years. The nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries to 700 the number of times over, some of the good quality products, charge and discharge up to 1,200 times, such a comparison, Ni-MH battery life than lithium batteries and nickel-metal hydride battery than the price of lithium batteries Much lower. In view of this, there is no perfect laptop batteries.
Common brands of laptop batteries for the vast majority of the square. The market also has a small number of ultra-thin notebooks to use cylindrical batteries, such as SONY 505 series, Toshiba PROTEGE series. Batteries based on the weight of materials and model changes, such as the shape of the same capacity with the nickel-metal hydride and lithium electricity, but the difference between a lot of weight.
From the size of the capacity of the main battery to determine mAh marked by its Chinese name is milliamperes. Milliampere-hour direct bearing on the size of the notebook’s use of time, but it can not be generalized. Battery life of notebook configurations and also has a great deal, say, for example, the HP 6100 notebook using a PIII-M, MOBILITY RADEON graphics cards and so on a number of energy-saving technology hardware, 4000mAh battery with the use of the time up to 4 hours Over. CPU desktop using the Toshiba 1800, although with a 4500mAh battery, the use of the time can only reach 3 hours. To meet the general needs to go out to work. This also indicates that the notebook’s battery life is not only about mAh, the hardware of energy-saving technology is very important.
Second, new technologies, energy-saving notebook batteries
Through battery-powered mobile office is different from the notebook computer desktop is an important feature of the limited battery capacity and can not be met, of course, unlimited use of time, increasing notebook computer’s hardware configuration of the battery consumption is also a growing The greater, and the laptop’s battery from lithium batteries are still widely used, after there have been no major breakthrough, it is necessary to meet the increasing power consumption and at the same time to ensure that the use of a certain time, then some of the new energy-saving technology is extremely important to .
The notebook computer to save the power of new technologies can be both hardware and software, software, often with the use of dedicated hardware, we have the following to tell us about the laptop’s power-saving technology.
(A) of the three types of notebook CPU power-saving technology
1. Intel SpeedStep technology
Speed Step is the use of an Intel CPU technology, the Pentium-3 600Mhz Mobile after the mobile version of the Pentium processor, Intel added a run by reducing the CPU frequency to achieve lower power consumption of technology?? SpeedStep. (Mobile Pentium M processor, Intel redesigned the technology, called “enhanced SpeedStep”) processor so that it can work in two modes to switch freely between these two modes that is, when the AC The highest performance mode (Maximum Performance Mode) and the battery when the battery optimized mode (Battery Optimized Mode). The so-called model is the highest performance when the notebook computer with the AC power connector, and can provide performance similar to the desktop; and battery optimization mode refers to when the laptop battery, the laptop’s performance will play its battery life of To achieve the best balance between. SpeedStep technology, such as the use of the 650MHz and 600MHz processors, when they are the highest performance mode, can provide 650MHz and 600MHz operating frequency, and battery-optimized mode, the processor’s operating frequency is 500MHz.
Mobile Pentium Ⅲ or Pentium4 chips are used dynamically adjust the frequency and voltage switches SpeedStep technology, which allows them to work at a higher frequency and optimization of energy between the battery switch. Notebook computer system BIOS of the CPU through the registration ID tag that has a CPU features SpeedStep, in determining whether the laptop is used after the AC power supply, BIOS and the CPU will give directions to ASIC, and run it in the appropriate mode , All of which will be completed within 500μm.
In fact, for the user, if not on the loading platform of the new chart, SpeedStep technology is almost invisible. But in the background, SpeedStep technology really take a run at a higher speed and longer battery life to strike a balance between the responsibility. In order to enable users to understand the current state of work, Intel’s platform set up in a flag-shaped icon to show the way to operate. In the absence of special circumstances, unless the use of battery-powered, SpeedStep power-saving system, the use of non-default mode. If you want custom settings, the user can control panel in Windows power management features to achieve this project.
Now, SpeedStep technology has been developed to a second-generation, known as Enhanced Intel SpeedStep technology. The new technology has increased the automatic mode, super-performance models, optimizing battery performance mode, and so on. Inspiron 1720 , Inspiron 1721 , Inspiron 4000 , Inspiron 4100 , Inspiron 4150 , Inspiron 500m , Inspiron 5100 , Inspiron 510m
2. AMD PowerNow! Technology
This power management technology based on the needs of different applications, upward or downward adjustment of the processor voltage and frequency, so that the processor is more in line with the needs of practical applications in order to extend notebook battery life and extended battery Life.
AMD PowerNow! Technology to provide work models have 3: automatic mode (the system to monitor the application and make adjustments as necessary), high-performance model (processor with the highest frequency and voltage to run) and power-saving mode (to processors The lowest frequency and voltage operation, extended battery life). However, the mode of operation will depend on how many different types of notebook computer manufacturers design.
3. LongRun technology
Transmeta’s LongRun technology is the development of the power management technology, which is characterized by low power consumption, available to the processor is just enough voltage. The principle is to use the procedure to monitor the CPU is idle, is idle if it will lower the voltage and frequency to meet different needs.
4. 3 of the above power-saving technology comparison
As can be seen from above, the 3 kinds of CPU power-saving technology works more or less the same, the CPU is idle to minimize power consumption, the difference is mainly concentrated in 3 kinds of technology, the number of mode, power consumption and the actual performance Impact.
Clearly, Intel’s SpeedStep technology provides 4 modes, is the highest among the three. However, the number is not working, the better. As a model by other modes to take a certain amount of time, and the conversion model will consume CPU resources, so the number of working should be good enough.
Power, 3 power-saving technologies that are in the normal state of CPU can be maintained at less than 2W power consumption low. One, Transmeta’s technology IongRun using the CPU power consumption as low as 0.1W, it is very prominent, but the performance of Intel and AMD have lost the same level of the CPU.
AMD PowerNow! And Intel SpeedStep power management technology in the same regardless of the former on the effectiveness of Athlon4CPU than SpeedStep technology PentiumIII-MCPU more. Athlon4 processors because of greater heat, so at the appropriate time to allow a break CPU can contribute to the heat.
B) a dedicated power management chips and a dedicated power management program
In order to maximize energy savings, leading technology manufacturers to develop a dedicated power management chips and a dedicated power management procedures,
1. IBM’s chip-specific power management and procedures
IBM Corporation in its Pentium Ⅲ CPU-level notebook computer equipped with IBMPowerManagementDevice (referred to as IBMPMDevice) dedicated power management chips (need to install special drivers to use). The combination of chips used in power management program is BatteryMixer, included in the IBMConfigurationUtility of it. The installation process will be in the system tray was placed horizontally on the right side of a battery, click on the battery will be a large number of options.
BatteryMixer in China, IBM has provided many of the themes of the original settings for different applications, users can define their own new theme to fit specific needs. BatteryMixer can even detect the capacity of the rechargeable battery, charging and discharging automatically determine the number and status of the battery if the battery state of the poor will be sent to remind users to IBM maintenance.
As a result of their special design power management chips, BatteryMixer procedures and even the power and PCI bus speed CD-ROM can be adjusted to reduce this power,.
2. Toshiba power management program
Toshiba’s power management program known as the PowerSaverUtility, this high-handed procedures in the installation will completely replace the Windows built-in power management, when the user tries to access to the standard Windows power management procedures should be warned that Toshiba will own PowerSaverUtility (from Windows “Control Panel” in the choice).
Toshiba’s custom to PowerSaverUtility powerful known, even the battery down to varying degrees when the options are different.
In addition, users can define themselves in power down to a certain percentage of the time since the issue of the definition of the voice of the emerging message or start a program, it’s very scientific.
3. SONY power management program
SONY procedures PowerPanel power management interface was fine and that the human need to SONY with the JogDial (to-point) devices and a special chip to use SONY NotebookSetupDevice hardware.
The use of PowerPanel, users can define their own different themes to suit their needs. The battery is full and exhausted when, PowerPanel be humane message (can be customized). PowerPanel in control, SONY laptop screen brightness when the switch is not like other brands? Level of a jump, but gradually brightness.
If the notebook computer installed in the second battery, PowerPanel allows users to set up the first piece of what used batteries, and can switch at any time. Inspiron 5150 , Inspiron 5160 , Inspiron 6000 , Inspiron 600m , Inspiron 630m , Inspiron 6400 , Inspiron 640m , Inspiron 700m , Inspiron 710m
In addition, PowerPanel internal battery can also read recorded information shows that the current rechargeable battery capacity and number of charge
2008年7月16日 星期三
ggggggggggg
Did you recently notice poor performance of your Toshiba laptop battery ?. Don't be taken aback, this is happening even to the best battery! Now days Li-Ion batteries are widely used in portable devices due to there excellent energy to weight ratio and for the reason they are not suffering from "memory effect".
These two reasons make them the best choice on portable devices, but not suffering from "memory effect" doesn't mean it will last for ever! Chemical conversions inside the battery make it to produce electric energy but these chemical reactions aim to attenuate as time and charge cycles pass over.
When the battery life drops significantly it's time to search for a replacement Toshiba PA2487U battery , but you will recently find out that most of notebook batteries cost almost 1/3 to 1/2 the price of the laptop at the time you will need to replace the battery. So if you want to keep your laptop but don't want to spend much money for Toshiba PA3107U-1BRS battery replacement it's time to think about rebuild it your own, replacing each individual cell inside the pack.
But before step on this you must consider many parameters messing around Li-Ion batteries, about the way they are charged and the way you must handle them
In this article we will discuss how to handle Li-Ion batteries to avoid any malfunction, the precautions you must take, the way Toshiba PA3107U-1BRS battery are charged, the protection circuits used and finally you can find a step by step guide on how to reconstruct a Fujitsu - Siemens Lifebook S-Series FPCBP25 battery pack. This guide can also be read as a tutorial on how to rebuild other kind of Li-Ion battery packs except the one we will use here.
It's recommended to read the following details in order to understand how a Li-Ion Toshiba PA3176U-1BRS battery must be handled to avoid any injury, before proceed to the reconstruction of the pack.
Overview
Li-Ion (and Li-Po) Toshiba PA3191U-1BRS battery are leading edge battery technology and consists ideal selection in use on portable computers and cellular phones due to their high energy density and high voltage. A typical Li-Ion cell is rated at 3,6V and this is three times more than the typical NiCd or NiMH cell voltage (1,2V).
Structure
Li-Ion cell has a tree layer structure. A positive electrode plate (made with Lithium Cobalt oxide - cathode), a negative electrode plate (made with specialty carbon - anode) and a separator layer.
Inside the Toshiba PA3331U-1BRS battery also exists a electrolyte which is a lithium salt in an organic solvent.
Li-Ion is also equipped with a variety of safety measures and protective electronics and/or fuses to prevent reverse polarity, over voltage and over heating and also have a pressure release valve and a safety vent to prevent battery from burst.
Never short circuit, reverse polarity, disassemble, damage or heat over 100 degrees Celsius a Li-Ion cell. That can be really dangerous.
Toshiba PA3356U-1BRS battery uses lithium cobalt oxide as positive electrode - cathode - and a high crystallized special carbon as negative electrode - anode.
Also an organic solvent specialized to be used with the specific carbon works like electrolytic fluid.
The chemical reaction that takes place inside the battery is as follows, during charge and discharge operation:
The main principle behind the chemical reaction is one where lithium in positive electrode material is ionized during charge and moves from layer to layer in the negative electrode (as illustrated to the left image).
During discharge Li ions move to the positive electrode where embodies the original compound.
Features of lithium Ion batteries
High energy density that reaches 400 Wh/L (volumetric energy density) or 160Wh/Kg (mass energy density).
High voltage. Nominal voltage of 3,6V or even 3,7V on newer Li-Ion batteries.
No memory effect. Can be charged any time, but they are not as durable as NiMH and NiCd batteries.
High charge currents (0,5-1A) that lead to small charging times (around 2-4 hours).
Flat discharge voltage allowing the device to stable power throughout the discharge period.
Typical charging Voltage 4,2 ?0,05V.
Charging method: constant current - constant voltage (CV-CC).
Typical operation voltage 2,8V to 4,2V
Recommended temperature range 0-40
Charging Characteristics
Charging method is constant current - constant voltage (CV-CC). This means charging with constant current until the 4.2V are reached by the cell (or 4,2V x the number of cells connected in series) and continuing with constant voltage until the current drops to zero. The charge time depends on the charge level of the battery and varies from 2-4 hours for full charge. Also Li-Ion cannot fast charge as this will increase their temperature above limits. Charging time increases at lower temperatures.
Typical charging characteristic
Charge current is recommended to be set at 0,7CmA (where C is Toshiba PA3383U-1BRS battery capacity). If voltage is below 2,9V per cell it's recommended to charge at 0,1CmA. Charging environment must have a temperature between 0-40. Maximum discharge current must not exceeds 1.0CmA and discharge voltage must not go below 3,0V
Capacity
At a typical 100% charge level at 25, Li-ion batteries irreversibly lose approximately 20% capacity per year from the time they are manufactured, even when unused. (6% at 0, 20% at 25, 35% at 40). When stored at 40% charge level, these figures are reduced to 2%, 4%, 15% at 0, 25 and 40 respectively. Every deep discharge cycle decreases their capacity also.
Typical capacity characteristic over charge cycles
100 cycles leave the Toshiba PA3384U-1BRS battery with about 75% to 85% of the original capacity. When used in notebook computers or cellular phones, this rate of deterioration means that after three to five years the battery will have capacities too low to be still usable.
Tip: To increase battery life store it at 40% level at low temperatures (even to the refrigerator but not below 0 degrees Celsius) and never discharge it full. Charge it early and often. Excess heat can damage the battery. Also charge once a year to prevent overdischarge.
Self discharge
One great advantage of Li-Ion Toshiba Satellite 4000 battery is their low self-discharge rate of only approximately 5% per month, compared with over 30% per month and 20% per month in nickel metal hydride batteries and nickel cadmium batteries respectively.
Chemistry Type Ni-Cd Ni-MH Lead acid Li-ion Cylindrical Li-ion Prismatic Li-Po
Nominal Voltage (V) 1.2 1.2 2,1 3.6 3.6 / 3.7 3.6
Specific Energy (Wh/Kg) 50 70 30 80 100-160 140
Specific Energy (Wh/L) 150 200 - - 250-360 -
Cycle Life (Times) 500 560 - 1000 1000 -
Environmental hazard low medium medium high high high
Safety High High medium low low low
Cost low medium low high high high
Self-Discharge Rate (%/month) 25-30 30-35 - 6-9
6-9
-
Memory Effect yes yes yes no no no
Comparison table of the most common Toshiba Satellite A75 battery types
Precautions
Be sure to follow the safety rules listed below (PANASONIC recommendations):
?Do not place the battery in fire or heat the battery.
?Do not install the battery backwards so that the polarity is reversed.
?Do not connect the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery to each other with any metal object.
?Do not carry or store the batteries together with necklaces, hairpins, or other metal objects.
?Do not pierce the battery with nails, strike the battery with a hammer, step on the battery, or otherwise
subject it to strong impacts or shocks.
?Do not solder directly onto the battery.
?Do not expose the battery to water or salt water, or allow the battery to get wet.
?nbsp; Do not disassemble or modify the battery. The battery contains safety and protection devices which, if damaged, may cause the battery to generate heat, rupture or ignite.
?nbsp; Do not place the battery on or near fires, stoves, or other high-temperature locations. Do not place the battery in direct sunshine, or use or store the battery inside cars in hot weather. Doing so may cause the battery to generate heat, rupture, or ignite. Using the battery in this manner may also result in a loss of performance and a shortened life expectancy
Use common sense precautions. Do not short circuit, overcharge, crush, mutilate, nail penetrate, incinerate, reverse polarity, heat above 100 degrees Celsius, solder directly on the metal can. Dispose them following local batteries disposal rules.
These two reasons make them the best choice on portable devices, but not suffering from "memory effect" doesn't mean it will last for ever! Chemical conversions inside the battery make it to produce electric energy but these chemical reactions aim to attenuate as time and charge cycles pass over.
When the battery life drops significantly it's time to search for a replacement Toshiba PA2487U battery , but you will recently find out that most of notebook batteries cost almost 1/3 to 1/2 the price of the laptop at the time you will need to replace the battery. So if you want to keep your laptop but don't want to spend much money for Toshiba PA3107U-1BRS battery replacement it's time to think about rebuild it your own, replacing each individual cell inside the pack.
But before step on this you must consider many parameters messing around Li-Ion batteries, about the way they are charged and the way you must handle them
In this article we will discuss how to handle Li-Ion batteries to avoid any malfunction, the precautions you must take, the way Toshiba PA3107U-1BRS battery are charged, the protection circuits used and finally you can find a step by step guide on how to reconstruct a Fujitsu - Siemens Lifebook S-Series FPCBP25 battery pack. This guide can also be read as a tutorial on how to rebuild other kind of Li-Ion battery packs except the one we will use here.
It's recommended to read the following details in order to understand how a Li-Ion Toshiba PA3176U-1BRS battery must be handled to avoid any injury, before proceed to the reconstruction of the pack.
Overview
Li-Ion (and Li-Po) Toshiba PA3191U-1BRS battery are leading edge battery technology and consists ideal selection in use on portable computers and cellular phones due to their high energy density and high voltage. A typical Li-Ion cell is rated at 3,6V and this is three times more than the typical NiCd or NiMH cell voltage (1,2V).
Structure
Li-Ion cell has a tree layer structure. A positive electrode plate (made with Lithium Cobalt oxide - cathode), a negative electrode plate (made with specialty carbon - anode) and a separator layer.
Inside the Toshiba PA3331U-1BRS battery also exists a electrolyte which is a lithium salt in an organic solvent.
Li-Ion is also equipped with a variety of safety measures and protective electronics and/or fuses to prevent reverse polarity, over voltage and over heating and also have a pressure release valve and a safety vent to prevent battery from burst.
Never short circuit, reverse polarity, disassemble, damage or heat over 100 degrees Celsius a Li-Ion cell. That can be really dangerous.
Toshiba PA3356U-1BRS battery uses lithium cobalt oxide as positive electrode - cathode - and a high crystallized special carbon as negative electrode - anode.
Also an organic solvent specialized to be used with the specific carbon works like electrolytic fluid.
The chemical reaction that takes place inside the battery is as follows, during charge and discharge operation:
The main principle behind the chemical reaction is one where lithium in positive electrode material is ionized during charge and moves from layer to layer in the negative electrode (as illustrated to the left image).
During discharge Li ions move to the positive electrode where embodies the original compound.
Features of lithium Ion batteries
High energy density that reaches 400 Wh/L (volumetric energy density) or 160Wh/Kg (mass energy density).
High voltage. Nominal voltage of 3,6V or even 3,7V on newer Li-Ion batteries.
No memory effect. Can be charged any time, but they are not as durable as NiMH and NiCd batteries.
High charge currents (0,5-1A) that lead to small charging times (around 2-4 hours).
Flat discharge voltage allowing the device to stable power throughout the discharge period.
Typical charging Voltage 4,2 ?0,05V.
Charging method: constant current - constant voltage (CV-CC).
Typical operation voltage 2,8V to 4,2V
Recommended temperature range 0-40
Charging Characteristics
Charging method is constant current - constant voltage (CV-CC). This means charging with constant current until the 4.2V are reached by the cell (or 4,2V x the number of cells connected in series) and continuing with constant voltage until the current drops to zero. The charge time depends on the charge level of the battery and varies from 2-4 hours for full charge. Also Li-Ion cannot fast charge as this will increase their temperature above limits. Charging time increases at lower temperatures.
Typical charging characteristic
Charge current is recommended to be set at 0,7CmA (where C is Toshiba PA3383U-1BRS battery capacity). If voltage is below 2,9V per cell it's recommended to charge at 0,1CmA. Charging environment must have a temperature between 0-40. Maximum discharge current must not exceeds 1.0CmA and discharge voltage must not go below 3,0V
Capacity
At a typical 100% charge level at 25, Li-ion batteries irreversibly lose approximately 20% capacity per year from the time they are manufactured, even when unused. (6% at 0, 20% at 25, 35% at 40). When stored at 40% charge level, these figures are reduced to 2%, 4%, 15% at 0, 25 and 40 respectively. Every deep discharge cycle decreases their capacity also.
Typical capacity characteristic over charge cycles
100 cycles leave the Toshiba PA3384U-1BRS battery with about 75% to 85% of the original capacity. When used in notebook computers or cellular phones, this rate of deterioration means that after three to five years the battery will have capacities too low to be still usable.
Tip: To increase battery life store it at 40% level at low temperatures (even to the refrigerator but not below 0 degrees Celsius) and never discharge it full. Charge it early and often. Excess heat can damage the battery. Also charge once a year to prevent overdischarge.
Self discharge
One great advantage of Li-Ion Toshiba Satellite 4000 battery is their low self-discharge rate of only approximately 5% per month, compared with over 30% per month and 20% per month in nickel metal hydride batteries and nickel cadmium batteries respectively.
Chemistry Type Ni-Cd Ni-MH Lead acid Li-ion Cylindrical Li-ion Prismatic Li-Po
Nominal Voltage (V) 1.2 1.2 2,1 3.6 3.6 / 3.7 3.6
Specific Energy (Wh/Kg) 50 70 30 80 100-160 140
Specific Energy (Wh/L) 150 200 - - 250-360 -
Cycle Life (Times) 500 560 - 1000 1000 -
Environmental hazard low medium medium high high high
Safety High High medium low low low
Cost low medium low high high high
Self-Discharge Rate (%/month) 25-30 30-35 - 6-9
6-9
-
Memory Effect yes yes yes no no no
Comparison table of the most common Toshiba Satellite A75 battery types
Precautions
Be sure to follow the safety rules listed below (PANASONIC recommendations):
?Do not place the battery in fire or heat the battery.
?Do not install the battery backwards so that the polarity is reversed.
?Do not connect the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery to each other with any metal object.
?Do not carry or store the batteries together with necklaces, hairpins, or other metal objects.
?Do not pierce the battery with nails, strike the battery with a hammer, step on the battery, or otherwise
subject it to strong impacts or shocks.
?Do not solder directly onto the battery.
?Do not expose the battery to water or salt water, or allow the battery to get wet.
?nbsp; Do not disassemble or modify the battery. The battery contains safety and protection devices which, if damaged, may cause the battery to generate heat, rupture or ignite.
?nbsp; Do not place the battery on or near fires, stoves, or other high-temperature locations. Do not place the battery in direct sunshine, or use or store the battery inside cars in hot weather. Doing so may cause the battery to generate heat, rupture, or ignite. Using the battery in this manner may also result in a loss of performance and a shortened life expectancy
Use common sense precautions. Do not short circuit, overcharge, crush, mutilate, nail penetrate, incinerate, reverse polarity, heat above 100 degrees Celsius, solder directly on the metal can. Dispose them following local batteries disposal rules.
2008年5月28日 星期三
Any questions about my dell d500 batteries
With Lithium Ion batteries on notebook, there's not much of a problem of battery memory anymore, so one can charge a laptop battery whenever, without having to wait for it to completely discharge.
But what's better overall for my battery's life and the environment,if I keep my laptop plugged in at all times when I don't need to go portable, or only keep it in enough to charge it, and then let it run off the battery until it runs out of juice?
If you don't take the laptop anywhere really i would remove the battery and store it somewhere safe until needed. If you do take it places off and on then you can keep the battery in and plugged in most of the time. If your battery life starts to die then charge it fully and let it die completely 3 times..That often resets some capacitors and helps restore batter life.
But what's better overall for my battery's life and the environment,if I keep my laptop plugged in at all times when I don't need to go portable, or only keep it in enough to charge it, and then let it run off the battery until it runs out of juice?
If you don't take the laptop anywhere really i would remove the battery and store it somewhere safe until needed. If you do take it places off and on then you can keep the battery in and plugged in most of the time. If your battery life starts to die then charge it fully and let it die completely 3 times..That often resets some capacitors and helps restore batter life.
high quality for ibm laptop
My friend bought a battery of ibm thinkpad 600e from http://www.digi163.com/battery/ last month,a online store for ibm laptop.He told me it is very cheap,and have a excellent quality.Last month ,i bought a battery of ibm thinkpad r31 from there,and i found that it is true.It is not only supply batteries with cheap price and excellent quality,but also 1 year warranty and quickly deliver.
Hi, thank you for your question. You are right!
Before you submmited this question, I have bought a batteries for IBM thinkpad r31 from http://www.digi163.com/battery/. As you say, the batteries of there are very cheap, but have good quality. I fall satisfied with the online store
Hi, thank you for your question. You are right!
Before you submmited this question, I have bought a batteries for IBM thinkpad r31 from http://www.digi163.com/battery/. As you say, the batteries of there are very cheap, but have good quality. I fall satisfied with the online store
2008年5月20日 星期二
question about Dell Latitude CPX charge
I have a ASUS A3 laptop and want to know what kind of battery charger I will need and any suggestions on products. Also, besides the laptop not working, how do I know when battery is getting low?
A replacement ac adapter from asus designed for specific laptop. ac adapter differ in the amount of voltage and amperage they put out, depending on the make and model. Plug in the wrong one and you could have another battery go up in smoke and flames or just croak forever. sony VGP-BPS5A battery ,
sony VGP-BPS5 battery ,
sony VGP-BPL1 battery ,
sony PCGA-BP2NY battery ,
sony PCGA-BP2NX battery ,
sony PCGA-BP2SA battery ,
sony PCGA-BP2S battery ,
sony PCGA-BP2T battery ,
sony PCGA-BP51 battery ,
sony PCGA-BP2E battery ,
A replacement ac adapter from asus designed for specific laptop. ac adapter differ in the amount of voltage and amperage they put out, depending on the make and model. Plug in the wrong one and you could have another battery go up in smoke and flames or just croak forever. sony VGP-BPS5A battery ,
sony VGP-BPS5 battery ,
sony VGP-BPL1 battery ,
sony PCGA-BP2NY battery ,
sony PCGA-BP2NX battery ,
sony PCGA-BP2SA battery ,
sony PCGA-BP2S battery ,
sony PCGA-BP2T battery ,
sony PCGA-BP51 battery ,
sony PCGA-BP2E battery ,
2008年3月19日 星期三
high quality batteries for sony notebook
we are a manufacturer of
PCGA-BP1N,PCGA-BP2E,PCGA-BP2EA,PCGA-BP2NX,PCGA-BP2NY,PCGA-BP2R,PCGA-BP2S,PCGA-BP2SAPCGA-BP2T,PCGA-BP2V,PCGA-BP4V,PCGA-BP505,PCGA-BP51,PCGA-BP71,VGP-BPL1,VGP-BPL2,VGP-BPL5A,VGP-BPS1,VGP-BPS3,VGP-BPS3A,VGP-BPS5,VGP-BPS5A ,if you need please contact,thanks
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